2015 年心理学领域出现过哪些令人眼前一亮的论文？

宗教信仰不能促进利他行为

中山大学心理学系周欣悦教授参与的一项青少年发展的研究发现，儿童的家庭宗教信仰程度与利他行为负相关，与惩罚性倾向正相关，虽然有宗教信仰的父母认为他们的孩子更有同情心，但宗教信仰会降低儿童的利他行为，挑战了宗教信仰促进亲社会行为的传统观点。这一现象通过6个国家（包括中国、美国、土耳其等）的数据得到验证。该项研究近日研究发表于Current Biology。

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summary：

Prosocial behaviors are ubiquitous across societies. They emerge early in ontogeny [ 1 ] and are shaped by interactions between genes and culture [ 2, 3 ]. Over the course of middle childhood, sharing approaches equality in distribution [ 4 ]. Since 5.8 billion humans, representing 84% of the worldwide population, identify as religious [ 5 ], religion is arguably one prevalent facet of culture that influences the development and expression of prosociality. While it is generally accepted that religion contours people’s moral judgments and prosocial behavior, the relation between religiosity and morality is a contentious one. Here, we assessed altruism and third-party evaluation of scenarios depicting interpersonal harm in 1,170 children aged between 5 and 12 years in six countries (Canada, China, Jordan, Turkey, USA, and South Africa), the religiousness of their household, and parent-reported child empathy and sensitivity to justice. Across all countries, parents in religious households reported that their children expressed more empathy and sensitivity for justice in everyday life than non-religious parents. However, religiousness was inversely predictive of children’s altruism and positively correlated with their punitive tendencies. Together these results reveal the similarity across countries in how religion negatively influences children’s altruism, challenging the view that religiosity facilitates prosocial behavior.

原文献并不长，我简单说一下，参与国家有加拿大、中国、约旦、土耳其、美国和南非等六国，共有1170名5至12岁的儿童参与了实验。实验对象横跨六个国家，样本量也不小，因此比较有代表性。

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